Embarrassing Illnesses

Balanitis is often a symptom of a skin condition, such as:

• eczema or dermatitis,
• psoriasis, or
• lichen planus.

For more information on these conditions, see Useful links. Other possible causes are outlined below.

Damage or irritation to the penis

The skin of the glans is very sensitive and can be easily damaged, which may lead to balanitis. Irritation of the skin can be caused by:

• Perfumed soaps and shower gels.
• Over-washing or scrubbing.
• Chemicals in some condoms, spermicides and lubricants.
• Chemicals spilt on your hands that are spread to the penis when going to the toilet.
• Some washing powders or fabric conditioners that are not completely rinsed from underwear.

Infection

Balanitis is sometimes caused by an infection. Lots of different germs live on the skin in small numbers and do not cause any harm. Sometimes, however, they can multiply quickly, causing an infection:

• A yeast infection is caused by a fungus called candida (the fungus that causes thrush).
• A bacterial infection happens when bacteria grow very quickly in warm, moist conditions, such as the foreskin (see below).

The following factors increase your chance of developing a bacterial or fungal infection.

Uncircumcised penis or poor hygiene

In men who are not circumcised, the foreskin covering the head of the penis can be an ideal environment for bacteria to multiply and cause inflammation. This is because the foreskin can trap moisture.

It is important to wash daily, and dry your penis carefully so no moisture is left under the foreskin.

Diabetes

Men with diabetes are more likely to develop infections, particularly if the diabetes is not well controlled. If glucose is passed out in the urine, drops may remain on the foreskin, creating an ideal environment for bacteria to multiply in.

Phimosis

Phimosis is a condition in which the foreskin cannot be pulled back fully over the glans. It is rare in teenage boys and men, but normal in young boys up to the age of around five.

Phimosis is more likely to cause balanitis because sweat, urine and other debris can collect under the foreskin. This can irritate the foreskin or encourage germs to grow, leading to infection.

Unprotected sex

Having unprotected sex with a woman who has vaginal thrush can cause balanitis, because you can pick up the yeast that is in your partner's vagina.

Some sexually transmitted infections can also cause balanitis; for example, genital herpes, chlamydia and syphilis.